Part+Three

Animal Cloning

===DESCRIBE IT: Animal cloning is when a single cell is reproduced and made into a whole new organism which is identical to the parent cell. In animal cloning the parent and the new cloned animal will be the same exact form. 1964 was the first time cloning happened. The eggs were incubated, but only one to two percent turned into adult toads. It is now possible for both reproductive and non-reproductive purposes to be cloned. There are three different types of cloning, they are recombinant DNA cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. In reproductive cloning the genetic material from the nucleus of an adult cell is transferred to an egg whose nucleus has been removed. In therapeutic cloning stem cells are used to create a certain cell in the body. ===

was done by creating embryonic cells, but
===now clones can be made from non-embryonic cells. When animal cloning was done by embryonic cells the DNA nucleus was extracted from an embryonic cell and put into an unfertilized egg. Then fertilization takes place. This happens by giving an electrical shock, then cells that are developed will be put into the hosts, and finally the cloned animal will have the same genetic make-up as its mother. In DNA cloning the gene of interest is isolated from chromosomal DNA. ===

===APPLY IT: Animal cloning can be used in a number of different ways, one being that recombinant cloning can be used to learn about other technologies including, gene therapy, genetic engineering, and sequencing genomes. Reproductive cloning can be used to create animals that have certain qualities and can be used to repopulate endangered animals. Finally therapeutic cloning can be used to produce organs for cells. ===

===SYNTHESIZE IT: Animal cloning makes me think of Dolly. She was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell. Also something that could be created from animal cloning is the cloning of humans. I believe this won't happen for a number of years, and it is scary to think about that there could be a clone of me walking around the streets. ===

===ARGUE FOR OR AGAINST IT: I personally think animal cloning is not right. It can lead to other discoveries such as human cloning which would not be a good thing. A lot of things can also go wrong from animal cloning such as birth defects and the clone could just eventually be killed from something going wrong with it. Also another reason I don't think animal cloning is right is because it can be expensive and it is not ethically correct. The final reason I don't believe animal cloning is right is because if you were to eat the meat of a certain animal that has been cloned such as a cloned cow, something could be wrong with the meat and you could get extremely sick. ===

RESOURCES: [|Animal Cloning Animation] SOURCES: https://bcsengage.wikispaces.com/file/view/zzz.gif/50912897/zzz.gif

=== DESCRIBE IT: A plant clone will have the same exact characteristics as the original plant. It will have the same growth habit, flower color, yield potential, and disease resistance. Plant cloning is easier to do than animal or human cloning because plants have less of a genetic makeup. ===

=== ANALYZE IT: This process allows a gardener to replicate a genetically identical plant. The first step in cloning a plant is to take small amount of tissues or cells from the plant. They are then transferred to a plate with nutrient agar jelly. Auxins are added to the cells for the process of mitosis. Tissue then starts growing at a fast rate. Growth hormones are added for root and stem growth. That is then placed in a potting tray where the plant develops. ===

=== APPLY IT: In biotechnology, this is used to create identical copies of DNA fragments, cells, or organisms. Plants have been cloned for supply, scientific research, money, and the environment. It is also very commonly used in biological experiments. ===

=== ARGUE FOR OR AGAINST IT: I think this plant cloning is necessary because there are many benefits that come with plant cloning. If a plant is cloned, less water and sun is needed for growth, it requires less maintenance to help the plant grow, the plant is stronger, and it grows faster. Although there are lots of advantages to plant cloning, one disadvantage is that the cloned plant may be affected by a virus or a disease. ===

RESOURCE:
[|Plant Cloning Website]