Part+Two

Gel Electrophoresis

 The nucleic acid all travel towards the positive pole
===because they start at the negative end and are pulled towards the positive end. DNA molecules are separated into bands and each band contains thousands of molecules the same length. ===

===ANALYZE IT: The gel functions as a molecular sieve to separate the nucleic acids or proteins on the basis of size, electrical charge, or other properties. Their sizes can be estimated because molecules of similar sizes travel at similar distances. There are also a few different types of gel electrophoresis that depend on their size and the type of the molecule. The size of the gel matrix pores are very important because they determine whether or not the molecules can travel or not. ===

===APPLY IT: Gel electrophoresis can be used to separate and isolate biological molecules like nucleic acid and proteins. Jobs such as forensics, jobs with medicine, molecular biology, and biochemistry all use gel electrophoresis.===

===SYNTHESIZE: Gel electrophoresis can be compared to a forest in which a semi, car, and moped are trying to get through. The moped will be able to get through the forest the fastest because it is the smallest and will be able to move the fastest.===

===ARGUE FOR OR AGAINST IT: I think gel electrophoresis is very useful in the world. It can be used to help detectives solve a crime. The way it helps them is by creating a profile of DNA then comparing it with the suspects in the crime. Gel electrophoresis saves a lot of time and money.===

RESOURCES: [|Gel Electrophoresis Animation] SOURCES:http://universe-review.ca/I11-50-gelectrophoresis.jpg

Southern Blotting

===ANALYZE: The procedure of southern blotting is by first the DNA is digested with restriction enzyme and then separated by gel electrophoresis. Next DNA is transferred to a membrane. The membrane is special blotting paper. Next the blotting paper is incubated with copies of a probe. The probe is a single stranded DNA and the probe forms the base pairs. Finally the location of the probe is found by incubating it with colorless substrate that the enzyme converts to a colored product.===

===APPLY IT: Southern blotting can be used for gene discovery as well as mapping. Another way southern blotting can be used is by diagnostic and forensic use. Southern blotting can also be used in a test that will ensure a section of DNA has been incorporated in into the genome of a host cell.===

Microarrays
===DESCRIBE IT: DNA microarrays consist of tiny amounts of a large number of single-stranded DNA fragments representing different genes. These fragments represent all the genes of an organism. Microarrays produce enormous amounts of data, and the analysis of that data can be very complex. ===

===ANALYZE IT: DNA microarrays are tools used to analyze and measure the activity of genes. Researchers can use them to measure changes in gene expression and learn how cells respond to a disease. This also allows a researcher to determine both what genes are expressed in response to a stimulus and what proteins are produced by these genes. ===

===APPLY IT: This process is used to profile gene expression in cancer and other diseases. In cancer microarray profiling has been applied to classify tumors according to their sites of origin, to discover previously unrecognized subtypes of cancer, to predict clinical outcome, and to suggest targets for therapy. ===

===SYNTHESIZE: Microarrays are like scales because a scale measures your change in weight like DNA mircroarrays measure the changes in gene expression. ===

===ARGUE FOR OR AGAINST IT: I think that microarrays are very helpful because they contribute to a better understanding of diseases and suggest new techniques or therapies. ===

 RESOURCE:
[|DNA Microarray Animation]

http://www.novelguide.com/a/discover/gen_01/gen_01_00077.html
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